Innovation is opaque

History is opaque. And so too, it may be argued, is innovation. Or, to paraphrase Nassim Nicholas Taleb, the author of The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable: Innovation is what comes out in the market, the application of better solutions to products or services, not the thinking that produces a new idea, device or method, the generator of ideas. Thus there is an incompleteness of our grasp of the action or process of innovating, since we don't fullly understand how innovation works, in a world that is more complex, complicated or random than we realise. Or, as explained by Tim Berners-Lee, the WorldWideWeb inventor, innovation occurs when a lot of random ideas mix until they fit.